Types of Depressive Disorders

There are many different types of depressive disorders, each with its own unique symptoms and characteristics. In general, they all involve a persistently low mood and loss of interest or pleasure in activities that you normally enjoy. Other common symptoms include feelings of worthlessness, guilt, and hopelessness; sleep problems; changes in appetite; fatigue and decreased energy; difficulty concentrating; and thoughts of death or suicide.

Types of Depressive Disorders:

- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): MDD, also known as clinical depression, is the most common type of depressive disorder. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, despair, and worthlessness that last for at least two weeks. People with MDD often lose interest in activities that they once enjoyed, have difficulty sleeping or concentrating, and may experience changes in appetite.

- Bipolar Depression: Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a condition that causes extreme mood swings. These swings can range from periods of highs (mania) to lows (depression). During a depressive episode, people with bipolar disorder may experience all the symptoms of MDD.

- Postpartum Depression: Postpartum depression is a form of MDD that can occur after the birth of a child. It is thought to be caused by hormonal changes and the stress of caring for a new baby. Symptoms include persistent sadness, anxiety, irritability, and fatigue.

- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMDD affects between 3 and 8% of reproductive-aged women and is characterized by mood swings, irritability, depression, and anxiety in the week or two before menstruation.

- Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): SAD is a form of depression that occurs during the winter months when there is less sunlight. It is thought to be caused by the body's production of melatonin, which is increased in the absence of sunlight. Symptoms include depressed mood, low energy, sleep problems, and carb cravings.

- Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): PDD, also known as dysthymia, is a form of consistent, low-level depression that lasts for at least two years. It is characterized by a low mood, loss of interest in activities, and other symptoms of MDD.

- Atypical Depression: Atypical depression is a form of depression that is characterized by “atypical” symptoms. These include improved mood in response to positive events, increased appetite and weight gain, hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness), and leaden paralysis (heavy feeling in the limbs).

- Psychotic Depression: Psychotic depression is a form of MDD that is characterized by delusions or hallucinations. People with psychotic depression may believe that they are being persecuted, that they have a serious illness, or that they are going to die.

While the causes of depressive disorders are not fully understood, they are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Treatment for depressive disorders typically involves medication (antidepressants) and/or psychotherapy. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary if the person is at risk for harming themselves or others. If you or a loved one is suffering from depression, contact Matt McTeague today.